#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAXEVENTS 64

static int create_and_bind (char *port)
{
  struct addrinfo hints;
  struct addrinfo *result, *rp;
  int s, sfd;

  memset (&hints, 0, sizeof (struct addrinfo));
  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;     /* Return IPv4 and IPv6 choices */
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* We want a TCP socket */
  hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;     /* All interfaces */

  s = getaddrinfo (NULL, port, &hints, &result);
  if (s != 0)
  {
      fprintf (stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror (s));
      return -1;
  }
  for (rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next)
  {
      sfd = socket (rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
      if (sfd == -1)
        continue;

      s = bind (sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen);
      if (s == 0)
      {
          /* We managed to bind successfully! */
          break;
      }

      close (sfd);
  }

  if (rp == NULL)
  {
      fprintf (stderr, "Could not bind\n");
      return -1;
  }

  freeaddrinfo(result);

  return sfd;
}

static int make_socket_non_blocking (int sfd)
{
  int flags, s;

  //得到文件状态标志
  flags = fcntl (sfd, F_GETFL, 0);
  if (flags == -1)
  {
      perror("fcntl");
      return -1;
  }

  //设置文件状态标志
  flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
  s = fcntl (sfd, F_SETFL, flags);
  if (s == -1)
  {
      perror("fcntl");
      return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

//端口由参数argv[1]指定
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int sfd, s;
  int efd;
  struct epoll_event event;
  struct epoll_event *events;

  if (argc != 2)
  {
      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [port]\n", argv[0]);
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  sfd = create_and_bind(argv[1]);
  if (sfd == -1)
    abort();

  s = make_socket_non_blocking(sfd);
  if (s == -1)
    abort();

  s = listen(sfd, SOMAXCONN);
  if (s == -1)
  {
      perror("listen");
      abort();
  }
  //除了参数size被忽略外,此函数和epoll_create完全相同
  efd = epoll_create1(0);
  if (efd == -1)
  {
      perror("epoll_create");
      abort();
  }
  event.data.fd = sfd;
  event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;//读入,边缘触发方式
  s = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd, &event);
  if (s == -1)
  {
      perror("epoll_ctl");
      abort();
  }

  /* Buffer where events are returned */
  events = calloc(MAXEVENTS, sizeof event);
  /* The event loop */
  while (1)
  {
      int n, i;
      n = epoll_wait (efd, events, MAXEVENTS, -1);
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
      {
          if ((events[i].events & EPOLLERR) ||
              (events[i].events & EPOLLHUP) ||
              (!(events[i].events & EPOLLIN)))
          {
              /* An error has occured on this fd, or the socket is not
                 ready for reading (why were we notified then?) */
              fprintf (stderr, "epoll error\n");
              close (events[i].data.fd);
              continue;
          }
          else if (sfd == events[i].data.fd)
          {
              /* We have a notification on the listening socket, which
                 means one or more incoming connections. */
              while (1)
              {
                  struct sockaddr in_addr;
                  socklen_t in_len;
                  int infd;
                  char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];

                  in_len = sizeof in_addr;
                  infd = accept(sfd, &in_addr, &in_len);
                  if (infd == -1)
                  {
                      if ((errno == EAGAIN) ||
                          (errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
                      {
                          /* We have processed all incoming
                             connections. */
                          break;
                      }
                      else
                      {
                          perror ("accept");
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  //将地址转化为主机名或者服务名
                  s = getnameinfo (&in_addr, in_len,
                                   hbuf, sizeof hbuf,
                                   sbuf, sizeof sbuf,
                                   NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);//flag参数:以数字名返回
                                  //主机地址和服务地址

                  if (s == 0)
                  {
                      printf("Accepted connection on descriptor %d "
                             "(host=%s, port=%s)\n", infd, hbuf, sbuf);
                  }
                  /* Make the incoming socket non-blocking and add it to the
                     list of fds to monitor. */
                  s = make_socket_non_blocking(infd);
                  if (s == -1)
                    abort();

                  event.data.fd = infd;
                  event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
                  s = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, infd, &event);
                  if (s == -1)
                  {
                      perror("epoll_ctl");
                      abort();
                  }
              }
              continue;
          }
          else
          {
              /* We have data on the fd waiting to be read. Read and
                 display it. We must read whatever data is available
                 completely, as we are running in edge-triggered mode
                 and won't get a notification again for the same
                 data. */
              int done = 0;

              while (1)
              {
                  ssize_t count;
                  char buf[512];
                  count = read (events[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
                  if (count == -1)
                  {
                      /* If errno == EAGAIN, that means we have read all
                         data. So go back to the main loop. */
                      if (errno != EAGAIN)
                      {
                          perror ("read");
                          done = 1;
                      }
                      break;
                  }
                  else if (count == 0)
                  {
                      /* End of file. The remote has closed the
                         connection. */
                      done = 1;
                      break;
                  }

                  /* Write the buffer to standard output */
                  s = write (1, buf, count);
                  if (s == -1)
                  {
                      perror("write");
                      abort();
                  }
              }

              if (done)
              {
                  printf ("Closed connection on descriptor %d\n",
                          events[i].data.fd);

                  /* Closing the descriptor will make epoll remove it
                     from the set of descriptors which are monitored. */
                  close (events[i].data.fd);
              }
          }
      }
  }

  free (events);

  close (sfd);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}